[64], There is no data on compliance with health and safety rules or trading standards, but we do know that the rate of non-fatal workplace injuries fell between 2009/10 and 2017/18, whether measuring injuries reported by employers[65] (a fall of 46.0%) or by employees (a fall of 31.4%),[66] suggesting that businesses have become more compliant with health and safety law.***.
Mumford, Lewis (1954). [54] Proactive (planned) inspections were almost entirely eliminated over this period – the number of proactive inspections that took place in 2014/15 was just 4.6% of the 2009/10 number, the only time period for which we have consistent data. Waste collection and libraries provide the clearest examples of service cuts: local authorities are collecting rubbish less often, and libraries are open for fewer hours than they were in 2010. It is similarly difficult to judge whether local authorities have fully managed to meet growing demands for these neighbourhood services. Over half of local authority planning departments in the south-east and north- west who responded to a 2017 RTPI survey said that they had difficulties recruiting and retaining planners.
The coalition government’s policy of providing money for councils to freeze council tax[12] initially allowed councils to keep council tax bills near-flat in cash terms. In libraries, councils have cut costs by replacing paid staff with volunteers and allowing more and more libraries to be taken over by community organisations. But regular waste collection has not been replaced by more frequent recycling collections; between 2013/14 and 2018/19, the only years for which data is available, the number of councils providing weekly dry recycling collections also declined, albeit less drastically (from 76 to 73). Neighbourhoods encompass 2,000 to 10,000 families. [12] Alfred Kahn, as early as the mid-1970s, described the "experience, theory and fads" of neighbourhood service delivery over the prior decade, including discussion of income transfers and poverty. For the best answers, search on this site https://shorturl.im/aw82R. The number of authorities charging for garden waste collection rose from 88 to 199 between 2010/11 and 2018/19, while the number offering the service for free fell from 236 to 118. But, as described above, pushing this strategy further will be risky. [7]*** The Department for Transport estimates that total local road maintenance spending has declined by 14.1% since 2009/10,[8] only half of the cut shown above. [52] This is a sensible way to prioritise resources – but it risks local authorities losing chances to gather intelligence and intervene before problems worsen or spread. Toronto has many groups and associations to deal with neighbourhood issues, and larger umbrella organizations organize events to deal with broader issues. The major areas of neighbourhood services that we do not include here are: homelessness services and housing benefit; archives and museums; maintaining parks and open spaces; and other transport services (primarily street lighting and buses). There are also several dozen city designated business improvement areas, covering almost all of Toronto's commercial areas. [3] Historical documents shed light on neighbourhood life in numerous historical preindustrial or nonwestern cities. [72] Some local authorities have attempted back-office improvements,[73] service redesign[74] and sharing services[75],**** in attempts to make savings. [59], When asked about specific neighbourhood services, there was a similarly small decline.
To meet demand, spending on neighbourhood services will have to rise.
Despite spending reductions across neighbourhood services, public satisfaction has only slightly declined.
The quality of decisions reached – as measured by the share of local authority decisions that are successfully appealed – seems to have stayed roughly constant over this period: there was not a notable change in the percentage of decisions that were overturned at appeal between the second quarter of 2016 and the first quarter of 2018,** the only years for which the government published data. Staff cuts fell disproportionately on professional librarian posts rather than on administrative and clerical posts: 14% of paid staff occupied professional posts in 2016/17, compared with 20% in 2009/10.
York is often divided to two sections: a western section and an eastern section; often, GO Transit's Barrie rail line divides the former city in two sections. That would leave spending £700 million below what we estimate would be needed to meet demand. Neighbourhoods, as a core aspect of community, also are the site of services for youth, including children with disabilities and coor…
Ethnic neighbourhoods were important in many past cities and remain common in cities today. *For example, local authorities cannot raise council tax by more than 2% without holding a referendum. There is some limited evidence of local authorities rationing their services – such as collecting waste less frequently and limiting libraries’ functions. King, B. Local planners are deciding more applications and professionally qualified food standards and hygiene staff are undertaking more inspections and audits per person each year.
[16] But in practice there is more flexibility, because the government cannot know how much local authorities would have spent on adult social care without the additional precept funding. [11] Between 2013/14 and 2018/19, the grant was cut by 91.6% in real terms, or in cash terms from £15.2 billion (bn) to £1.4bn. 3: Community and neighborhood-based services for youth. The Asphalt Industry Alliance, for example, reports that local authorities reduced the average cost of filling a pothole from £73.90 to £52.60 between 2010 and 2019,[76] which equates to a 39.0% real-terms reduction after accounting for economy-wide inflation.
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