Quick and jerky kicks provide very little power, stress the legs, and are uncomfortable. Flutter kick is the alternating up and down motion of the legs, either from the hips or as the more restricted movement of the modified flutter kick, and is the most frequently used finning technique. [2] Diving equipment which is bulky usually increases drag, and reduction of drag can significantly reduce the effort of finning. The third step of the frog kick provides the forward motion of the kick. [2][8] The fins are rotated outwards with the soles facing backwards, and toes outwards, then the legs are extended so the fins push water backwards, while extending the ankles to close the gap between the fins, to push backwards a bit more. The diver should focus on pushing the water behind him using the power of his legs and ankles. Simple stiff paddle fins are effective for the widest range of strokes, but are not as efficient for thrust production as long fins and monofins,[2] and may be more demanding on the muscles and joints of the legs than more flexible styles. To maintain this position, known as proper trim, a diver may find it helpful to look ahead, arch his back slightly, thrust his hips forward, and extend his arms in front of his body. [1] Use of frog kick can reduce gas consumption if speed is not critical.[1]. Most styles of fin can be used with the frog-kick. Once a diver is in the starting position, the next step is to open his fins to the sides. It is sometimes useful or necessary to compensate for instability due to misaligned centre of gravity and centre of buoyancy or slight negative buoyancy. Rotation about the longitudinal horizontal axis is called rolling, and is can be performed by using opposed leg motions similar to those used for flutter kick, but with the fins spread a bit wider apart and with the fins held straighter, to concentrate thrust vertically on the power stroke, and feathered for the return stroke. This takes advantage of the momentum produced by the power stroke to gain some distance and rest before starting the next kick, as the recovery stroke will increase drag. [5] Dolphin kick can also be used with paired fins (bifins), but does not reach the same level of efficiency. [2] There are also techniques for positional maneuvering, such as rotation on the spot, which may not involve significant locational change. It propels water above and below the diver, which does not contribute to forward motion and wastes energy. The flutter kick is an inefficient kick. The frog kick pushes water backwards, and to a lesser degree upwards, rather than backwards with alternating up and down component, as with the flutter kick and dolphin kick also used by divers. The backward kick is used for holding position or backing away when too close while taking photos or approaching a reef or other divers, backing out of confined spaces, maintaining distance from the shotline during decompression stops and similar maneuvers. Fine control and steadying of which way the diver faces can be achieved. The third step of a the frog kick propels a diver through the water. It is a powerful thruster, but not very fast. The diver pushes with the balls of his feet bringing the fins and the bottoms of his feet together behind him. As the fins come together at the end of the stroke, it is not convenient to alternate every stroke, but legs can be changed after a few strokes if preferred.[7]. [1][2] The modified frog kick arches the back and retains slightly bent knees during the power stroke, which keeps the thrust further away from the bottom when swimming above silt. His back should be arched, his hips thrust forward, and his arms extended. There are many benefits to frog kicking. Modified frog kick, also known as high frog kick, short frog kick,[7] and bent knee cave diver kick,[1] uses smaller movements, mostly of the lower leg and foot, which makes it suitable for use in confined spaces, as it is less likely to damage the environment, but it produces limited thrust[1] It is economical on air consumption over time due to a low energy requirement, and is suitable for relaxed cruising at low speeds and over silt. Maximum transfer of power from the swimmer to the fin requires a close fit which prevents relative movement between foot and fin. [2] Some divers will use it as their standard kick even in more forgiving environments, as the resting position is identical for other kicks that increase underwater mobility, such as the backwards kick and the helicopter turn. Fatigue or musculo-skeletal stress is seldom an issue with maneuvering. http://greatdivers.com The frog kick is the kick which is best used for most of the diving we do. Nevertheless it is possible to loop forwards or backwards using only the fins for propulsion.
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