The most gruesome executions, however, were reserved for traitors and assassins (their crimes considered particularly serious because they were thought to be threats against the pillars on which society was built), and included being hung, drawn, and quartered. In the military, the role of executioner was performed by a soldier, such as the provost. Darby between 1900-1903, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences, Warden E. A. Hershey between 1903-1904, required by state law to be the executioner of death sentences, Warden O.B. In Western Europe and its colonies, executioners were often shunned by their neighbours, with their work as knackers also disreputable. As Hilary Mantel noted in her 2018 Reith Lectures, "Why would an executioner wear a mask? ", "Applications for executioner posts run high", "After 20 executions, Grantt Culliver has a serene outlook", "Andrew Reid Lackey executed in Alabama for killing elderly man", "History- Capital Punishment in Colorado, 1859-1972", Office of the Colorado State Public Defender, "The Executioner's Song - Job is Not All That It's Cracked Up to Be", "Mississippi's executioner leaves job after 30 years", Executions is the U.S. 1608-2002: The ESPY File Executions by State, "CBC News: Reports from abroad: Neil Macdonald", "Only in Oklahoma: Executing criminals just another job", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_executioners&oldid=984227187, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from April 2013, All articles needing additional references, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 1842–1847 (first name is sometimes given as, Franz Wurm (hired for one execution in 1934), before 1918 - before 1929 (never executed anyone), 1823 (refused to carry out his first and only execution, had his stay lifted for it and died executed himself), September 26, 1849 (voluntary executioner, hanged, 1835-1845 (executed the mutineers of Laura II October 22, 1839 in, 1833-1874 (carried out some executions the State of, September 16, 1828 (executioner executed January 19, 1829), slave Felício (nicknamed: "Farinha Sêca"), April 5, 1838 (executioner executed September 5, 1838), active in 1792 - executed Joaquim José da Silva Xavier (, nominated January 12, 1822, by commutuation of his death sentence, 1755 (his hanging for theft was his successor Montelle's first job), Johann Baptist Pipperger (Jan Křtitel Piperger in Czech), 1717-1735 époux de Barbara LOHR habitaient au "Hundsgalgen" (Chroniques familiales Auguste KOCHER), 1790-1793 époux de Anne Marie HEITZ, une fille Catherine née en 1791, 1647-1670 (interim; executioner of Bouxwiller), 1828-1841 (his last name is also rendered as, 1841-1849 (his last name is also rendered as, 1841-1847 (from 1847-1855 executioner of Alger, Algeria), 1615-1625 (lynched together with his wife in the end of a botched beheading), 1863–1871 (after 1871 the executioner of the republic in Paris), 1799-1800 (his last name is also rendered as, active in 1202 (last name also given as Jouhanne), mentioned in 1380-1384 (last name also given as Jouhanne, nicknamed "Jouhanne-Justice), active in 1675 (last name also referred to as, c. 1380 - c. 1400, active in 1383 (last name also written as, 1411/13-1418 (before being executed in 1418 or 1419, Capeluche trained his executioner himself), 1507-1516 (his last name also appears as Bazart; lynched after a botched execution), 1687-1688 (his last name also appears as Le Vavasseur), 26 (official)/1739 (de facto)–1754 (de facto)/1766/1778 (official), 1754 (de facto)/1766/1778 (official)-1795 (de facto)/1804 (official), 1840–1847 (he was an inveterate abolitionist), c. 1645-1650 (his last name also appears as, 1793 (interim executioner; his last name also appears as, 1584-1585 (interim; executioner of Carcassonne), 1791-1792 (interim; executioner of Montpellier), 1805-1848 (last name sometimes written as, 1766-1784 (one of France's most long-termed female executioners), 1730-1732 (Jean-Pierre Bour's wife and after 1730 widow; one of the rare cases a woman was appointed), 1732-1747 (Jacobé Rieger's new husband; his last name is also given as, 1758-1779 (his last name is also given as, 1799-1823 (his last name is also given as, 1776-1793 (his last name is sometimes given as, -1757 (his last name also appears as Mathieu Bouirou; sources also say 1759-1763), active in 1768 (some sources say 1757-1769), 1769/70-1812 (brother to Jean Varennes in Cahors), 1761-1809 (brother to Antoine Varennes in Toulouse), 1530s (in 1536 called to England to execute, 1853–1870 (his last name seometimes appears as, (interim executioners between 1760 and 1789), 1816-1817 (his name comes also written as, active round 1765 (former executioner of Clermont-Ferrand), 1793-1794 (interim; executioner of Chalon), 1797-1805 (his name also appears as Rhein), 1525-1526; active again in 1529 ? Unlike in France and many other European countries, far from being shunned, British executioners such as William Marwood, James Berry, Albert Pierrepoint, and Harry Allen were widely known and respected by the public.
[1] In Alexandre Dumas' The Three Musketeers and in the film La veuve de Saint-Pierre (The Widow of Saint-Peter), minor character executioners are ostracized by the villagers. Sometimes, executioners also taxed lepers and prostitutes, and controlled gaming houses, or cleaned latrines and cesspools. Giovanni Bugatti. Still, executioners were typically consigned to the fringes of society — and even forced to literally live at the edge of town.
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